ဖြတ်ထုံးများ၏ကဏ္ဍ။[ case law ] [ judge-made law ] [ 1952 BLR ( S C ) 15(18) ]

 ဆရာကြီးဦးမြသင်ကြားပို့ချချက်များ

ဖြတ်ထုံးများ၏ကဏ္ဍ၊မြန်မာဓလေ့ထုံးတမ်းဥပဒေ။

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ကွာရှင်းပြတ်စဲပြီးသောမြန်မာဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာလင်မယား၏သားသမီးများအမွေဆက်ခံကြသည့်ကိစ္စမှာ၊အဓိကအားဖြင့်[ case law ]ဖြစ်သည်ဟု၊ယခင်တရားလွှတ်တော်ချုပ်က 1952 BLR ( S C )15(18)တွင်ပြဆိုထားသည်။

တရားရုံးများ၏ဖြတ်ထုံးများမှဖြစ်ထွန်းလာသောတရားဥပဒေဖြစ်သည်။

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1952 BLR ( S C ) 15 

U AUNG KYWE (APPELLANT)

                      V.

MAUNG PO HLA WIN AND OTHERS(RESPONDENTS).*

Present: MR. JUSTICE E MAUNG, MR. JUSTICE THEIN MAUNG and U SAN MAUNG, J.

အမှုတွင်၊တရားလွှတ်တော်ချုပ်တရားသူကြီးဦးဧမောင်ကအောက်ပါအတိုင်းဆုံးဖြတ်သည်-

[ U Myat Nyein and Daw Thet were husband and wife and appellant was a son of the union and afterwards they divorced by matual consent.

U Myat Nyein married Daw Sein but had no children by her. 

Alter the death of U Myat Nyein. Daw Sein married U San Dun. 

U San Dun by his first wife Daw Thein Hla had children who are the Respondents in the appeal Appellant maintained filial relations with his father U Myat Nyein and step-mother Daw Sein.

Held: That Appellant is an heir to the estate of Daw Sein when she died without natural issue.

The law relating to children of divorced parents is greatly misunderstood.

As a consequence of incorrect rendering of Manugye by Richardson at p. 319 (4th Edition) it has been held that where parents effected a divorce with partition of properties and arrangements by mutual consent were made for the custody or disposal of children after the divorce, the children who went with the father did not retain any right to a share in the mother's estate and vice versa. 

The Manugye translation in specifying "children for whom compensation has been paid and children of parents separated " clearly referred not to children of parents divorcing in normal course but to those special classes dealt with in ss. 53, 54 and 55 of Volume X of Manugye. 

The deductions from the right of the parents to give away children in adoption can be valid only in respect of minor children for, whatever the law might have been in early days, by the time the Manugye came to be completed, it was settled law that only minor children could be given away in adoption without their wishes being consulted. 

The right of the children so given away in infancy to return to its natural family on attaining majority was recognised at pages 235 and 236 of Manugye, (Reference to 4th Edition).]

စီရင်ထုံးစာမျက်နှာ၁၈၌၊အောက်ပါအတိုင်းပြဆိုသည်-

[The law relating to children of divorced parents has been greatly misunderstood. 

The law is mainly case law.]

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တရားသူကြီးများပြုလုပ်သောတရားဥပဒေ[ judge-made law ]ဟု၊ယခင်နိုင်ငံတော်တရားသူကြီးချုပ်ဆာဘဦးက၊၎င်း၏[ My Burma ]စာအုပ်စာမျက်နှာ၁၁၂တွင်အောက်ပါအတိုင်းရည်ညွှန်းထားသည်-

[Judges play even more important a role in the exposition of a personal law in cases where such law is not codified: 

This law is in a way a judge made law.

For instance, the personal law of the Burmese Buddhists is not to be found in any code or act, but in the (36) Dhammathats. 

The Dhammathats (law books) were written by different authors at different periods in the history of Burma.

They were based on customs prevailing at the time they were written. 

They cannot thus be applied wholesale in the present state of Burmese society. 

Some of the provisions of the Dhammathats are archaic and obsolete. 

Even where they are not, they have to be trimmed or modified to suit modern Burmese life. 

Thus, when Burmese customary law has to be interpreted by non-Burmese judges, the help of the Burmese members of the bar is absolutely essential; otherwise the exposition can never be satisfactory, as it will not be in accord with the ideas and traditions of the Burmese people.]